Spoken Evidence 8

Urban Sociology

What is urban sociology?

Sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, processes, change and problems of an urban area and by doing so provide inputs for planning and policy making.

What is urban culture?

Numerous ethnographies have revealed how the mall affords opportunities for status and distinction through signaling one’s integration into ‘culture’ and thus serving as a primordial site for the construction of identity.

What are subcultures?

A subculture consists of the values, behaviors, and physical artifacts of a group that distinguishes itself from the larger culture. Think of it as a culture within a culture. Racial and ethnic groups, religions, age groups, even geographic areas often develop their own distinct subcultures.

What are urban tribes?

Small groups that have the same interest that are not necessarily the main culture ones.

Hipsters: Urban Tribe

It is represented by young people, that show independent thinking, and try to move away from the fashions of the moment, dressing and listening to non-commercial music.
Is usually represented by young people that show an independent way of thinking and try to stay away from all tendencies.
They reject the excessive consumerism, standing next to the local trade and respect for the environment.

Their clothing does not follow specific patterns, but is characterized by having a bohemian style, "old-school", they often reuse old accessories with vintage aesthetics. For example, we can find them wearing dark color shirts, jeans, shoes or boots, jerseys, hats and beards. They also like the classic glasses and handmade accessories.

They like indie music, indie-rock and jazz, but also sympathize with other styles and listen to little-known bands. In cinema, they prefer independent genre.

Leisure: Much of the hipsters are lovers of photography, vintage fashion, original cuisine and love to travel and visiting museums and share experiences through social networks.

Spoken Evidence 7

Scotland data

Religion in Scotland

The majority of the country practices Christianity that is one of the oldest religions. 

Other denominations include the Roman Catholic Church, Presbyterians, Pentecostals, Baptists and Episcopalians, along with Methodists, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Congregationalists. It is believed that Judaism was introduced into Scotland during the High Middle Ages.

Over the years, as immigrants and travelers began to arrive on the shores of the country, different religions were established, such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Languages in Scotland

More than a thousand years ago, the majority of the Scottish population spoke Gaelic. Today this language is mainly spoken only in the Highlands and Islands. The Gaelic language has become much endangered, although there are still a few elderly people who speak it and a few pop and rock stars even sing in Gaelic. Gaelic enjoys a high cultural status, together with Scottish whisky, bagpipes, clans and kilts, Gaelic is part of the romantic Scottish image.

After Gaelic became a little less popular, Scots was the main language of Scotland. Scots was spoken and written for about 400 years in Scotland. When Great Britain came to be established in 1707, Scotland's government moved to London, and Scots lost its political status to English.

Scots has descended to the status of being considered a dialect of English, a dialect being used only by ignorant peasants, fishermen, and laborers, not by gentleman.

Scotland Government

The Government is led by the First Minister. The Scottish Parliament nominates one of its Members to be appointed as First Minister by the Queen. He or she is assisted by various Cabinet Secretaries (Ministers) with individual portfolios and remits, who are appointed by him with the approval of Parliament.

The original Parliament of Scotland (or “Estates of Scotland”) was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland merged with the Parliament of England to form the Parliament of Great Britain, which sat at Westminster in London.

Scotland chart

Cultural shock

When you go to another country you’re anxious because you’re expecting things that you don’t known if they’ll be true or not and you don’t seem to care because all of the excitement but then you realize anything is what you expected, you didn’t thought it would be so difficult for you to adapt, at the end in order to have a pleasant stay you start to enjoy the new country.

When you arrive to another country you are open-minded, thinking that you’ll accept all the new things and when you start to see the difference between both cultures and everything that’s involved you start to feel confused and frustrated and you realize that you have to adapt to them and so start to listen and learn so you can feel comfortable in their country.  

Spoken Evidence 6

Prejudice is generally a bad opinion about someone based only in stereotypes or even baseless, just with what we think of that people and usually is not true.

We should learn not to make a judgment before we actually knew the people cause that usually leads to other this as discrimination or racism. 

Prejudice

Definitions

• Is an unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group.
• An adverse opinion or learning formed without just grounds of before sufficient knowledge.
• Irrational, preconceived opinion that leads to preferential treatment to some people and unfavorable bias or hostility against others, due to ignorance (or in direct contradiction) of facts. Prejudice literally means, prejudgment.
•  Prejudice is a baseless and usually negative attitude toward members of a group. Common features of prejudice include negative feelings, stereotyped beliefs, and a tendency to discriminate against members of a group. While specific definitions of prejudice given by social scientists often differ, most agree that it involves prejudgments (usually negative) about members of a group.

United Nations

Every human being has human rights, and these one established by law; it is called universal declaration of human rights, which represents the recognition of basic human beings. This applies for everybody no matter nationality, place of residence, gender, language, ethnic origin, etc.

It also exists “international human love rights” which gives obligations to state, it basically talks about the state protecting individuals humans rights.

Features of prejudice include negative feelings, stereotyped beliefs, and a tendency to discriminate against members of the group. Prejudice can be based in different factors like sex, race, age, sexual orientations, religion, socioeconomic status, etc. In many cases, prejudices are based upon stereotypes. A stereotype is a simplified assumption about a group based on prior assumptions. Stereotypes may be positive or negative.

According to psychologists the human being tends to categorize everything, so it is called aid of categories. Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment and we use to take familiar categories for the things we like or we see very common. We tend to minimize the differences between people within groups and exaggerate the differences between groups.

Summarized information

Prejudice is a product of our experiences. Is something that we develop from our experiences in life, and which you apply when you make rational judgments.

"The human mind must think with the aid of categories," Allport explained. "Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. We cannot possibly avoid this process. Orderly living depends upon it."

It is a judgment occurring before it should. To ignore their inner goodness (or badness) and leap to conclusions, before we know what kind of person they are. Also, it’s a type of racism and is caused because of the lack of information.

There are many stereotypes we learn as children. We learn them as facts and behave as if they were truth.

Movie

Niñas mal (2007)

References:

• Cherry, Kendra. “Prejudice: What It Is, How It Forms, & How to Prevent It” Web. 1 Sept. 2015. <http://psychology.about.com/od/pindex/g/prejudice.htm>.

• Web. 1 Sept. 2015. <http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct04/prejudice.aspx>.

• "UnderstandingPrejudice.org." UnderstandingPrejudice.org. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. <http://www.understandingprejudice.org/>.

• "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR, Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Declaration, Human Rights Charter, The Un and Human Rights." UN News Center. UN. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml#a1>.

• O'Neill, Ben. Mises Daily. 10 de March de 2011. MisesInstute. 31 de August de 2015.

• "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR, Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Declaration, Human Rights Charter, The Un and Human Rights." UN News Center. UN. Web. 1 Sept. 2015. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/hr_law.shtml>.

Spoken Evidence 5

Talking about cultural shock was awesome 'cause in a way in prepared us for what certainly would happen whenever we travel to another country an helps us to deal with it.